G. M. Hopkins´ “The Windhover” as an Ambiguous Symbol

Authors

  • Petra Smažilová University of Pardubice

Keywords:

Gerard Manley Hopkins, sonnet, poetic ambiguity, symbol, The Windhover

Abstract

Gerard Manley Hopkins himself called The Windhover “the best thing he ever wrote” (Peters, 81). This could be the main motive for adding “To Christ our Lord” under the title six years after the sonnet had been written. The implied ambiguities of “The Windhover,” evoking different kinds of explanation, constitute one of the reasons why it “is probably the most written about short poem in the English language” (Pick, 1). The phrase “To Christ our Lord” accompanying the title was made central to the discussion, as it was believed to form the key ambiguity that utterly influences the meaning of the whole work. This essay concentrates on the line “To Christ our Lord” and on two different approaches to and interpretations of “The Windhover.”

References

Donoghue, Denis. “The Bird as Symbol: Hopkins’s Windhover.” In Gerard Manley Hopkins: “The Windhover.” John Pick (ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1969. 91 – 99.

Grady, Thomas J. “Windhover’s Meaning.” In Gerard Manley Hopkins: “The Windhover.” John Pick (ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1969. 25 – 29.

Harrison, Thomas P. “From The Birds of Gerard Manley Hopkins.” In Gerard Manley Hopkins: “The Windhover.” John Pick (ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1969. 105 – 108.

Hollis, Hilda . “Another bird? Counterpoint in “The Windhover.”” Victorian Poetry. [accessed 10 October, 2009], available at: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb6560/is_4_40/ai_n28970114/.

Hopkins, Gerard Manley. “The Windhover.” In The Norton Anthology of English Literature. M. H. Abrams (ed.). 6th edition. Volume 2. New York: W. W. Norton, 1993. 1548.

Lees, F. N. “Hopkinsiana.” In Gerard Manley Hopkins: “The Windhover.” John Pick (ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1969. 73 – 82.

Lisca, Peter. “The Return of “The Windhover.”” In Gerard Manley Hopkins: “The Windhover.” John Pick (ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1969. 109 – 112.

Pick, John. “Introduction.” In Gerard Manley Hopkins: “The Windhover.” John Pick (ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1969. 1 – 9.

Peters, W. A. M. In Gerard Manley Hopkins: “The Windhover.” John Pick (ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1969. 81.

Ritz, J. R. ”The Windhover.” In Gerard Manley Hopkins: “The Windhover.” John Pick (ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1969. 83 – 85.

Woodring, Carl R. “Once More ‘The Windhover’.” In Gerard Manley Hopkins: “The Windhover.” John Pick (ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1969. 52 – 56.

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Published

2009-12-11

How to Cite

Smažilová, P. . (2009). G. M. Hopkins´ “The Windhover” as an Ambiguous Symbol. American & British Studies Annual, 2, 81–88. Retrieved from https://absa.upce.cz/index.php/absa/article/view/2154

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Articles